DOW HITS 7634! What now?

The father of irrational exuberance. If Bush had just yanked his hands down, a lot of problems could have been avoided

 

Huge, breaking, earth-shattering, paradigm-shifting, cliché-inspiring news this week, as the Dow Jones Industrial Average finally pawed its way back over the critical 7634 mark. No longer will we have to suffer in a world where the sum of the prices of 30 blue-chip stocks multiplied by a constant will begin with 7-6-2 or some lesser string of digits. Instead, let’s all stop at this milestone and take a needed respite.

Oh, sorry. Yeah, we were using base-12. Would you prefer we used base-10? Fine, but we’re going to use a different currency, euros. Which would make the Dow level 9807. No wait – let’s use base-12 and euros. That’d make the Dow level 5813. Isn’t this fun?

Most of the stock market “news” results from humans having 5 fingers on each hand and needing a way to count things. There isn’t any appreciable difference between a Dow at 12,999 and a Dow at 13,000, except that the latter burns a different array of bulbs in a digital readout and gives mathematically challenged journalists a chance to write headline fodder. Stop believing that this is in any way important.

From our favorite purveyors of loaded rhetoric, the Associated Press:

The Dow passed 13,000 about two hours into the trading day.

And from another AP story:

The average was above 13,000 for about 30 seconds before dropping back. It reclaimed the mark just after noon.

In the words of Anti-Nowhere League, “So (expletive) what?” They’re talking about this like it’s the moon landing, calibrating the event by time and duration so future generations will have a historical record of it.

Furthermore, the mere addition of one point to the Dow then becomes the catalyst for everything that follows. One more AP story, and a stunning example of why reading the news with a trusting eye is worse than not reading it at all:

The 13,000 level is a psychological milepost, but in a market built on perception, it could influence more cautious investors to pump more money back into the stock market, analysts said.

“You need notches along the way to measure things, and that’s as good as any,” said John Manley, chief equity strategist for Wells Fargo’s funds group…

Dan McMahon, director of equity trading at Raymond James, called the 13,000 marker a “positive catalyst, and that’s what we need to get us through the next range.”

Sounds like these Wall Street guys are as susceptible to “decimal bias” as the rest of us, right? No. McMahon continues:

In the end, he said, it’s just “a big round number.”

Which shows that the claims that “analysts said…it could influence more cautious investors to pump more money back into the stock market” is an unmitigated lie. Or if not a lie, then at least an unprovable assumption. Sure, Dow 13000 “might” influence investors to buy stocks. It also “might” turn the milk in your fridge sour. You don’t think so? Then show why it can’t.

CBS News has a video clip with the wonderfully objective title: “Dow 13,000: Time to Invest?”, which itself summarizes why financial illiteracy is pandemic. Yes, first let’s overpublicize a rise, however modest, in the Dow level. Then, let’s imply that people should buy stocks. Because that’s when you want to buy, when prices are rising.

You want superlatives? The Dow is now at its highest level since May 2008. When the Dow was at 12,990, that was its highest level since…May of 2008. Add the inexorable effects of inflation, however modest, not to mention whatever fees you paid for your index fund, and if you’d bought before May of 2008 you’d still be behind. If, however, you were dollar-cost averaging and buying units regularly since then, including when the market hit a local nadir of 6627 in March 2009, you’d be ahead. The Dow’s most recent movements, i.e. what it’s done in the past week, mean nothing.

We’ve talked early and often about the need to handle your financial transactions in a cold, calculating manner. Save the emotion and the irrationality for your personal, non-monetary life. When everyone else is chasing something, step back and ask why. When everyone else is fleeing something, same thing. And when a numerical quirk becomes front-page news, bumping Iranian oil embargoes to the second line, think about what that really means. To the extent that it means anything.

Yet another reason why our use of exclamation points on this site is so judicious. If a bunch of talking empty heads filling time in a TV studio have somehow convinced you that a .06% rise in the Dow is a reason to get your money out of your beer fund and put it towards stocks, we can’t help you. Besides, you don’t want to be helped.

There’s a time to get going, and a time to sit back (apologies to St. Francis.) If you don’t have an investment plan yet, run to the nearest brokerage house, bank, or human resources office and get one. It’s never too early to start.

But once you’ve invested, which we’re presuming you have, don’t drown in the details. Try to look at your portfolio quarterly. That recommendation is like Tolstoy’s challenge to not think of a white bear, but if you can do it, you’ll not only have greater peace of mind, you’ll be able to notice measurable differences in your portfolio more easily. It’s the same reason why parents marvel at how quickly their nieces and nephews grow, rather than how quickly their own kids do.

Getting excited, depressed, or even having an opinion about Dow 13,000 is mayfly syndrome. But you’re a human, with a lifespan tens of thousands of times longer than your typical mayfly. Even a giant daily swing in the Dow is utterly irrelevant, let alone one of just a few points.

This article is pick of the week in:

**Top Personal Finance Posts of the Week-Cutest Kids Ever Edition**

Look at the BIG PICTURE

 

Our generation's U.S. Steel

Slow down, already.

Yesterday, Arizona Diamondbacks left fielder Gerardo Parra went 4-for-4 against the Houston Astros, making Parra the best hitter in the world by far. He batted 1.000, or 634 points higher than Ty Cobb’s record career average. Move over, Georgia Peach, there’s a new all-time greatest: baseball’s first perfect hitter. Parra’s historic achievement will doubtless lead every sportscast across the nation and put him on the cover of Sports Illustrated and possibly Time and Newsweek.

Don’t be ridiculous. One day means nothing. Any idiot knows you can’t look at batting averages over a 4-at-bat period and determine anything meaningful.

Are you sure? Because judging from the nationwide panic over Monday’s stock market drop, the extreme short term means everything.

Our nation’s debt got downgraded Friday, for the first time in history (which is to say, 90 years.) Which presumably means the United States will have to pay higher interest rates to borrow money in the future. Those interest rates will trickle down to the institutional and consumer levels, meaning we’re all going to be paying a few basis points more. The price of money goes up, less of us can afford to borrow, and the economy will stagnate all the more.

That much is likely true. But it’s not going to happen overnight, despite what Monday’s enormous market drop would indicate. Because once again, the market followed a gigantic fall with a massive rise. It almost always happens this way.

It’s tough for the rookie investor to believe this, and it’s tough for the seasoned investor to remember it, but…

Stock prices are nothing more than opinions. They’re values attached, via crowdsourcing, to intangible pieces of dynamic, vibrant corporations.

And collective human wisdom can sometimes be extremely short-sighted.

That’s “dynamic” and “vibrant” in the literal sense of those words, rather than their modern connotations. Those corporations aren’t necessarily growing richer and more powerful every day, but rather their worths continuously fluctuate.

Think about it. On Monday the Dow dropped 634 points, one of the 10 highest absolute falls in history (relative to its level, it didn’t make the top 30.) Take a random Dow component, i.e. one of the 30 stocks whose prices comprise the Dow Jones Industrial Average. (Read this if that makes no sense.) Caterpillar closed Friday at $91.09, shortly before the debt downgrade came down. CAT closed Monday at $82.60.

Step back for a minute. Does it make any kind of sense that one of America’s most venerable companies (its venerability ratified by its very place on the Dow), the world’s largest manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, became 10% less desirable to own in a single 8-hour period?

This is a company that grossed $14 billion in profit over the last year. CEO Doug Oberhelmen didn’t suddenly quit and name Russell Brand as his successor. The FDA didn’t find dangerous levels of peanut residue on Caterpillar’s lift trucks. For Caterpillar’s business operations, Monday was just another uneventful day.

But for Wall Street traders and their clients, news that has only an indirect impact on Caterpillar’s business has a direct impact on its stock price. The propensity of traders is to overreact. We just proved that 3 paragraphs ago: there’s no logical reason for a company to suffer a 10% drop in one day unless something cataclysmic happened to its business. Which of course, it didn’t.

On Tuesday, the day after a market sell-off that some ignorant commentators took as the precursor to brokers jumping out of windows (which never happened, not even on Black Monday in 1929), you’ll never guess what happened. The market rose historically, by 429 points. Caterpillar shares gained most of what they’d lost. Again, if you look at it with absolutely no perspective, did Caterpillar do anything to justify a 6% rise in its price, over one day? Of course not. But if you extrapolate that rise over another 10 weeks, CAT will be trading at $1455. This train’s leaving the station! Are you going to be on board?

Every time the market takes a wild daily swing, whether high (stocks just got more difficult for you to buy!) or low (your retirement account lost value!), step back. Don’t ignore the forest for the trees. Even a wild weekly swing is nothing to panic or get excited over. And maybe you should wait a couple of months before declaring a career .279 hitter with below-average power and no particular propensity for getting on base ready for the Hall of Fame.

Parra ran into a couple of pitchers having a bad night. Or perhaps he just swung, hoped for the best, and made contact via dumb luck. Or took advantage of a hungover third baseman playing out of position and begging that the ball not be hit to him. Either way, Parra is not going to be challenging Jose Reyes for a batting title on the strength of one irregular night. Nor is Caterpillar, or any other major corporation, on the brink of bankruptcy. Regardless of what your fellow investors tell you.

**This article is featured in the Totally Money Carnival #33**

Your mutual fund is battling back

Do a Google image search for "rich woman", and for some reason this picture of Malcolm Gladwell comes up

Welcome to Recycle Friday, in which we dig up the carcass of a vintage guest post of ours and see how it stands up in the modern era. Today’s originally ran on 20sMoney last year. Annotations in CYC maroon:

Today’s happy headline (“Your mutual fund is hurting worse than you think”) necessitates a little look back. How does today’s Dow Jones Industrial Average compare to, say, the Dow of February 1997?

Answer: It doesn’t. Sure, the average is 10,192 today (12,069 this morning, baby! The proverbial gravy train with biscuit wheels! Start borrowing!) and was around 6900 twelve years and 3 months ago, but…the average of what?

The Dow is the sum of the prices of 30 of America’s largest stocks, multiplied by a constant. But the roster of stocks itself isn’t constant. Here are some of the blue chips that comprised the Dow in ‘97:

General Motors
Citigroup
AIG

(This is already reading like a list of notorious contemporary eradications. Despite where we appear to be heading, the next items on the list are not the Seattle SuperSonics, the French franc and Lindsay Lohan’s career.) (Those semi-pop culture references still hold up, kind of. Maybe we could trade out Charlie Sheen for Lindsay Lohan, but that’s it.)

Altria
Honeywell
Eastman Kodak
International Paper
AlliedSignal
3M
Goodyear
Sears Roebuck
Union Carbide
Bethlehem Steel
Westinghouse
Woolworth

That’s almost half the then-Dow, consisting of the infamous and the doddering. Today, these names sound as though they belong in some bygone epoch of American proto-commerce. (Woolworth, if you’re interested, took scarcely more than a generation to fall from five-and-dimes with lunch counters that wouldn’t serve black people to sneaker retail. The company shed all its fat and kept its one legitimate asset, which is now its successor company – Foot Locker.)

So yes, the Dow has “risen” 60% since the cloning of Dolly the sheep. But that’s comparing today’s Dow to something that no longer exists. A basket of 1997 Dow stocks wouldn’t have risen anywhere near 60%:  a lot would depend on whether you used your General Motors certificate to make a paper airplane out of or wipe up kitchen spills with.

(Since then, General Motors made a comeback of sorts. The old shares were indeed rendered worthless, thanks to a federal government that decided that GM’s bondholders and owners didn’t matter as much as its employees – or more importantly, its employees’ union bosses. The new shares began selling on November 18 at $34.19. Fortuitously, they just happened to have dropped a record 5% yesterday to close at $33.02. Did we mention that your tax dollars are responsible for this? We did.)

(No Dow stocks have changed out since Cisco and Travelers joined in 2009. In fact, none of the current 30 are even in trouble.)

Conversely, if you’d had the foresight to invest in stocks that were to become Dow components –Verizon, AT&T, Chevron, Cisco, Intel, Pfizer et al. – you’d have enjoyed a lot more than a 60% return over 12 years. But you’d have had to predict that cell phones would become ubiquitous, gas prices would rise, every new electronic component would need a router, and every man in America would convince himself that little blue pills were the only things standing between him and a happily exhausted wife.

What about companies that barely existed in 1997? Google didn’t trade publicly then, and wouldn’t for years. Yahoo! did, at around $1. Each company’s profound growth remains invisible to the Dow.

Because the Dow regularly replaces its weaker components with stronger ones, its levels can mislead. Only if you own a Dow index fund – a basket of stocks that consists of equal proportions of Dow components, and whose makeup changes as the Dow itself changes – can you truly track that investment consistently over the years.

But because the Dow is measured in dollars, or at least a mathematical manipulation thereof, you have to account for inflation. The Consumer Price Index has risen 37% since February of 1997. (And 1.4% annually since this post first ran. Are we ever going to see the hyperinflation we’ve been anticipating?) (The Consumer Price Index is subject to biases of its own, but explaining them would require a few thousand more words.) The Dow itself has risen 43% in that same period. (See above.) So in real dollars, a Dow index fund has appreciated .4% annually since then. Two-fifths of a stinking percent, and that’s ignoring broker fees. Should the Dow drop another 400 points – and it dropped half that much in the last 10 minutes of trading on May 23 – that’d wipe out every penny of those miniscule gains. That’s one term of Clinton, two terms of Bush, and a term-in-progress of Obama with no appreciable gain in the Dow.

(The changes since then amount to a rounding error. Seriously, it’s up to an annual increase of 1.8%. Maybe things really are looking up, if by “things” we mean “stocks” and by “up” we mean “harder to buy”.)

Your conservative neighbor whose entire portfolio is 3-year CDs doesn’t look so stupid now, does he? Yes, it’s easy to look back with perfect eyesight, but there is such a thing as overdiversification. And while that’s never as dangerous as riding the waves with only one or two stocks, it does lower your ceiling. When you put your eggs in one gigantic uber-basket, you’re not giving undervalued, bargain stocks a fair chance to boost your portfolio.

At Control Your Cash we shudder at the idea of frequent and indiscriminate turnover. A stock is an investment, not a blackjack hand. But we also hammer one primary mantra: Buy assets, sell liabilities. Do that often enough and you can’t help but get rich. Overpriced Dow components (and other big companies) with poor fundamentals are almost always liabilities.

(Fortunately, Dow Jones Inc., the folks who determine which stocks comprise its bellwether index, have gotten a little more pragmatic lately. A company’s history, or its influence of a couple generations ago, is no longer as important as what it’s done for us lately. Maybe those fancy semiconductors and software really are here to stay.)

**This post is featured at the Totally Money Carnival #9-Funny Baby Videos Edition**